Category: H

ISLAMIC CULTURAL CENTERS.

ISLAMIC CULTURAL CENTERS. In 1973 the Suleymanll movement began to found Islamic Cultural Centers (Islam Kfiltiir Merkezleri Birligi) in Germany and other countries to organize labor migrants from Turkey and meet their religious needs. With 313 communities and about 18,000 members, the Association of Islamic Cultural Centers became one of the largest associations of Turkish

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HUSRI ABU KHALDUN SATI` AL

HUSRI ABU KHALDUN SATI` AL- (18801968), leading ideologist and popularizer of Arab nationalism and Pan-Arabism. Born in 188o in San’a,Yemen, to Syrian Arab parents fromAleppo, young alHusri moved often as his father filled Ottoman judicial posts inYemen, Anatolia, andLibya. Since the family spoke Turkish at home, al-Husri learned Arabic late and spoke it with a

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HUSAYNIYAH.

HUSAYNIYAH. A special site where ritual ceremonies commemorating the life and martyrdom of Imam Husayn are held, husayniyah can be a temporary tent set up especially for the Muharram mourning ceremonies or a permanent building that is also used for religious occasions throughout the year. Husayniyahs are found in all Shi’i communities throughout the world

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HUSAYNID DYNASTY

HUSAYNID DYNASTY. Husayn ibn ‘Ali, founder of the Husaynid dynasty (1705-1957), and his descendants ruledTunisiaduring an era of increasing external pressures. Civil wars that provoked Algerian intervention plagued the early years of the dynasty and persuaded the Husaynid beys, who were part of an Ottoman ruling elite only loosely integrated into Tunisian society, of the

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HUSAYN IBN ‘ALI

HUSAYN IBN ‘ALI (c.1853-1931), amir and sharif ofMeccaand leader of the Arab revolt against the Ottomans in World War I. Husayn, of the `Awn branch of the Hashemite family, was appointed to the emirate by Sultan `Abdulhamid II in 19o8. Husayn and his son, `Abd Allah (Abdullah), engineered the appointment, portraying the former as loyal

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HUSAYN IBN ‘ALI

HUSAYN IBN ‘ALI (626-68o), the third Shi’i imam, son of `All ibn Abi Talib and grandson of the prophet Muhammad. As Muhammad had no male heirs, Husayn and his elder brother Hasan are believed to have continued the Prophet’s line through his daughter Fatimah and his cousin `Ali. Hagiographical tradition abounds with tales of love

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HUSAYNI, AL-HAJJ AMIN AL

HUSAYNI,AL-HAJJAMINAL-(1895-1974), mufti ofJerusalemand a nationalist leader during the period of British rule overPalestine(1917-1948). AlHAJJ Amin al-Husayni came from an aristocratic landowning family that traced its lineage to the prophet Muhammad. His grandfather, father, and half-brother served as muftis ofJerusalem. Husayni studied briefly atal-AzharUniversityinCairo(1912-1913) and, after serving in the Ottoman army, became an active Arab nationalist.

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HUSAYN, TAHA

HUSAYN, TAHA (1889-1971), Egyptian novelist, critic, and modernist reformer. His two Arabic nicknames summarize this famed writer’s life. One, `Amid al-Adab al-‘Arabs (dean of Arabic literature), signals his pivotal role as one of the towering figures of Arabic letters in the twentieth century. The other, Qahir alZalam” (Conqueror of Darkness), alludes to his blindness, a

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HUMAN RIGHTS.

HUMAN RIGHTS. The term “human rights,” or huquq al-insan in Arabic, has only recently come into common use, as have the analogous terms huquq-i insan in Persian and insan hukuklart in Turkish. Early Reception. Concepts analogous to human rights have certain precursors in the Islamic heritage of philosophy and theology, but human rights lack precise

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HUKUMAH

HUKUMAH. The modern Arabic term for “government,” hukumah (Tk., hukumat; Pers., hukumat) is commonly distinguished from dawlah (“state”). As in European usage, government is understood as the group of individuals who exercise the authority of the state. Hukumah in this sense is a nineteenth-century neologism, adopted as Muslims became increasingly aware of and interested in

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