BLASPHEMY
BLASPHEMY. See Kufr.
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BIRTH RITES. [To articulate religious values and traditions reflected in birth rites in modern Islamic societies, this entry comprises two articles: Legal Foundations and Modern Practice.] Legal Foundations Islam has relatively few birth rites compared to other Near Eastern religions, and those that exist are recommended (sunnah) rather than obligatory. Structurally, this may be accounted
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BIOGRAPHY AND HAGIOGRAPHY. Religious biography has held great importance in Islamic civilization from the earliest period, when works in various genres enumerated the virtues of the Prophet’s associates, established priority in joining the Muslim community, and traced tribal genealogies and affiliations. Particularly important is the relationship between early biography and the hadith collections. The `ilm
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BIGI, MUSA YARULLAH (1874-1949), VolgaUral Muslim philosopher and religious scholar. Born 24 December 1874 in Rostov on Don, Bigi was the son of the mullah Yarullah Devlikam, originally from the Kikine village of Penza Gubernia, and of Fatma, the daughter of Imam Habibullah of the same village. He attended the Kulbue madrasah in Kazan but
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BID’AH. In modern Islamic religious discourse the meaning of the term bid `ah (lit., “innovation”) can be understood from the saying attributed to the Prophet: “Any manner or way which someone invents within this religion such that that manner or way is not a part of this religion is to be rejected.” The statement of
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Hacı Bayram-ı Veli (1352–1430) was a Turkish poet, a Sufi, and the founder of the Bayrami Sufi sect. He also composed a number of hymns. Early life He lived between 1352 and 1430. His original name was Numan, he changed it to Bayram after he met his spiritual leader Somuncu Baba during the festival of
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Haji Bektash Veli or Haji Bektash Wali (Persian: حاجی بکتاش ولی Ḥājī Baktāš Walī; Turkish: Hacı Bektaş Veli) was a Persian mystic, humanist and philosopher from Nishapur in Khorasan, Persia (modern-day Iran). Some sources claim he was of Turkish descent. He lived from approximately 1209-1271 in Anatolia. He was one of the figures who
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