The expelling of the fetus from the womb before the period of gestation, abortion has ethical and legal implications in practically all societies, irrespective of prevailing religious traditions. Muslim and Western conceptions of abortion differ, both with respect to unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. Within the Islamic system, procreation of the human species is regarded as
Read More
The Muslim organization Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia or the Malaysian Islamic Youth Movement was officially registered on 1’7 August 1972 in Selangor state, after operating as a loose forum of concerned Muslim activists from 1969 to 1971. Its major objectives, as contained in its Articles of Association, were as follows: to establish and propagate Islamic
Read More
ABDURRAHMAN WAHID (7 September 1940 – 30 December 2009) the articale need changes as ABDURRAHMAN WAHID died. ———————————————————————- , Indonesian Islamic thinker, writer, and politician. One of the most influential Muslim intellectual leaders in Indonesia today, Abdurrahman Wahid is also a popular columnist on cultural, social, and political affairs, urging Islam’s contribution to pluralism,
Read More
ABDULHAMID II (1842-1918), thirty-fourth Ottoman sultan (r. 1876-1909). A profound political and economic crisis brought Abdiilhamid II to the throne. Since 1839 the open-door policy of the government, the commercial and legal privileges granted to European powers, and the westernizing reform attempts-the Tanzimat-had ruptured the Ottoman social fabric. Trade and budget deficits soared. Heavy government
Read More
ABDUH, MUHAMMAD (1849-1905), Egyptian scholar and reformer regarded as the architect of Islamic modernism. The birth year of Muhammad `Abduh coincided with the death of Muhammad `All, the Albanian adventurer and creator of modern Egypt. `All’s regime, in political terms, generated the issues of modern change associated in intellectual terms with `Abduh’s pioneer leadership as
Read More
ABD EL-KRIM (1882-1963), more fully, Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, Moroccan leader of the Rif Rebellion (1921-1926) and Islamic reformer. Abd el-Krim was the eldest son of `Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad al-Khattabi, a notable of the Ait Warayaghar, a Tamazight-speaking Berber tribe of theRif Mountainsin northeastern Morocco. In 1921, Rifian troops under Abd el-Krim’s command
Read More
`ABD AL-RAZZAQ AL-SANHURI (1895-1971), Egyptian jurist, legal scholar, and architect of civil codes in several Arab countries. The academic and professional life of Sanhfiri is a reflection of the time during which the need for legal reform arose. For some Muslim countries, this meant the codification and modernization of the shari `ah, and for others
Read More
‘ABD AL-RAZIQ, ‘ALI (1888-1966), Egyptian shari’ah (divine law) judge, controversial intellectual, and author of Al-Islam wa-usul al-hukm:Bathft al-khilafah wa-al-hukumah ft al-Islam (Islam and the Bases of Political Authority: A Study of the Caliphate and Government in Islam). Published in Cairo in 1925, `Abd alRaziq’s book challenged the notion that Islam legislated a specific type of
Read More
`ABD AL-RAHMAN, A’ISHAH (b. 1913), Egyptian writer and professor of Arabic language and literature and Qur’anic studies. Under the pseudonym Bint al-Shati’ `Abd al-Rahman was the author of more than sixty books on Arabic literature, Qur’anic interpretation, the lives of women of the early Muslim community (especially members of the Prophet’s family), contemporary social issues,
Read More
